1. Genetics Thin enamel or porous teeth can be inherited. Fix: Use fluoride toothpaste, avoid staining foods, and consider professional whitening. 2. Dental Procedures Root canals, crowns, and even excessive whitening can darken teeth. Fix: Choose stain-resistant materials, and ask your dentist about internal bleaching or veneers. 3. Smoking Nicotine and tar deeply stain enamel and reduce saliva. Fix: Quit smoking, brush with whitening toothpaste, and rinse with water after smoking. 4. Aging Enamel naturally wears down with age, exposing yellow dentin. Fix: Strengthen enamel with fluoride and avoid acidic foods. 5. Medications Some antibiotics and treatments (like chemo) stain teeth or reduce saliva. Fix: Stay hydrated and keep up with oral hygiene; ask your doctor about alternatives. 6. Illness Health issues like acid reflux or liver disease can damage or stain enamel. Fix: Manage health conditions and consult a dentist for cosmetic options. 7. Poor Oral Hygiene Plaque and tartar buildup trap stains. Fix: Brush twice daily, floss, and don’t skip dental cleanings. Final Thoughts You can’t fight your genes or age, but smart habits go a long way. Brush, floss, skip the smokes, and rethink that third espresso